Young's Modulus

Young's modulus (E) relates the STRESS and STRAIN in a solid (usually wire) using the following formula:

E = stress/strain = σ/ε

where σ = Force/Area and E = Change in Length/Length

Young's modulus has units of newtons per metre squared (Nm^-2) and is calculated only when the material is under elastic conditions, i.e., the force applied does not exceed the elastic limit and cause deformation.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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In solid mechanics, Young's modulus (E) is a measure of the stiffness of an isotropic elastic material. It is also known as the Young modulus, modulus of elasticity, elastic modulus (though Young's modulus is actually one of several elastic moduli such as the bulk modulus and the shear modulus) or tensile modulus. It is defined as the ratio of the uniaxial stress over the uniaxial strain in the range of stress in which Hooke's Law holds. This can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material.

Young's modulus is named after Thomas Young, the 19th century British scientist. However, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler, and the first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782 — predating Young's work by 25 years.

Taken from Wikipedia

Tautomerism

a special case of structural isomerism, often called dynamic isomerism. It is when a compound exists as a mixture of two forms, or isomers (in equilibrium). The two forms can each change to the other as when, for example, one isomer is extracted from the mixture, then some of the other isomer will change to re-establish equilibrium. The ability to make this reversible change is due to a mobile atom or group, often hydrogen, which alters its position in the molecule possibly with the changing of a double bond. Isomers produced in this way are called TAUTOMERS and each can give rise to stable derivatives.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Embracing Change

Before she became her generation's young superstar--and before she came to possess everything that title entailed--Judy Ann wanted to be like other girls. She would look with envy at their accessories, piles of designer clothes, branded shoes and bags, and jewelry, and hope that one day, she might have those things too. But as a struggling young actress, she couldn't afford them. "Feeling ko walang chance na magkaroon [ako] ng ganoon karaming accessories. Yun yung pangarap ko talaga, na sana one day, mamroblema naman ako kung ano'ng isusuot ko kasi ang daming nakalatag sa harapan ko, hindi ko alam kung ano'ng uunahin ko."

Now, she is referred to as a fashion icon. The formerly overweight eight-year-old who could only dream of having her own accessories and expensive designer brands is now a regular fixture on the cover of countless glossy fashion magazines, photographed by the country's premiere lensmen. How did she go from that to this?

The long road to developing her personal style began during the Mara Clara days, when people would give her jewelry, but for an entirely different reason. "Nagkaroon ako ng chance makapag-ipon ng alahas 'nung Mara Clara days. Kasi si Kuya Eruel (Tongco, her co-star), tuwing may eksenang sasabunutan niya ako, o sasampalin ako, ang bayad noon sa akin, hikaw, o bracelet, o kuwintas. 'Yun ang reward niya sa kanya. Dumadating na sa point na sasabihin niya kay Direk Emil Cruz, 'Huwag ka na maglagay ng eksenang may sampalan!' "she laughs.

But at that point, Judy Ann still had a long way to go. The most important component of developing a personal style, the final piece of the fashion puzzle, was still missing. She had no confidence, and that was something money couldn't buy. It wasn't something people could give her. For that, she would have to reach into herself. Her early experiments with fashion--like when she showed up at an ABS-CBN party wearing blue velvet leggings with a blue and red polo--left her scared about exercising her power of choice when it came to what to wear. She was reluctant to appear on magazine covers because she didn't want to be laughed at. "Duwag lang talaga ako," Judai says of how she felt about getting a make-over. "Hindi lang talaga ako confident kung ano ang kalalabasan, kasi baka pangit."

Losing weight was a huge confidence booster. Then good friends from the industry--makeup artists, fashion designers, stylists and photographers--helped her with the rest, offering words of encouragement that helped her form a better sense of who she was visually. "People na nakilala ko, who made me feel confident kung sino man ako, I was able to reinvent myself because of these people," she says. "Kumbaga, wala namang mawawala at mas may mawawala kapag hindi ko ginawa."

She recalls when she first appeared on the cover of a magazine. "Everybody was raving about it. 'Dun na-boost ng 200 percent 'yung confidence ko," Judai beams. " Nagdire-diretso na 'ko. And I realized that you have to give reinvention a try."

Now, she's no longer tentative, scared, unsure when it comes to fashion. Her sense of frugality will stop her from blowing upwards of P50,000 on a Louis Vuitton bag (whenever she buys jewelry, if it costs more than P50,000, "pinag-iisipan ko muna"; her biggest splurge was an eternity ring that she bought a year and a half ago at a jewelry store at Shangri-La, but only after the owner agreed to give her a "sobrang discounted price), but now, fashion is no longer the problem. Judy Ann now dreams of bigger and better things, and occasionally, more expensive ones too. "Tumitingin pa rin ako sa price tags, pero minsan, sinasabi ko sa sarili ko, 'Deserve ko naman ito.' Tapos hindi na ako bibili for a while. Quota na ako."

Taken from Starstudio magazine: Judy Ann Santos special issue

Labile

a term used in chemistry which means not stable, likely to change.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The term is used to describe a relatively unstable and transient chemical species. As a general example, if molecule exists in a particular conformation for a short life-time, before adopting a lower energy conformation, the former molecular structure is said to have 'high lability' (such as C₂₅, a 25-carbon fullerene spheroid). The term is sometimes also used in reference to reactivity - for example, a complex which quickly reaches equilibrium in solution is said to be labile (with respect to that solution).

Taken from Wikipedia

I'm lazy. My parents tell me to do something and I say, "OK, in a little bit," but then I don't. How can I overcome this fault of mine?

A. We commend you on your desire to change. That's an important first step that many people don't take.

So much of what we do is habit--both good and bad. Fortunately, it's not as hard as you might think to build good work habits.

We develop a lazy streak by habitually neglecting necessary duties. By putting off what we know we should do, we build up an unnecessary dislike and even fear of our assignments. What are normally small jobs grow into gigantic chores in our minds.

Here's how to make the jobs your parents ask you to do easier.

Make up your mind to do the task right away. The longer it takes to get started, the harder the chore will seem.

You'll have to do the job sooner or later, so you might as well get enthusiastically right into it. It won't hurt you. What will hurt is the constant strain of thinking about it and your parents nagging or disciplining you for neglect.

Make a checklist of regular chores that your parents routinely ask you to do (like taking out the garbage, cleaning your room or vacuuming the car). Nothing will please them more than getting jobs done before they have to ask you.

The satisfaction of making your parents happy and knowing that you've contributed to maintaining your home will become a good habit. You'll hardly remember that you were ever lazy!

- Answer prepared by Victor Kubik, a minister of the Worldwide Church of God

Taken from Youth 90 magazine