Go With The Flawless

Flawless, a leading chain of dermatology and cosmetic care products, has launched a new product and service line called The Real Gentleman (RG) collection with young heartthrob Richard Gutierrez as its latest image model.

Richard shows that only a real gentleman can wear pink in the Flawless campaign.

The RG line is a combination of products and services designed to answer the needs of men who are concerned about the health of their skin.

RG soap contains salicylic acid and refined coconut oil suitable for acne-prone and oily skin. The RG toner contains witchazel and azelog to remove deep-seated dirt on the face and neck, and restore the skin's natural pH balance. The RG cream has vitamins C and E as well as aloe vera and pineapple extract to soothe and moisturize. The RG facial uses a reaffirming mask made of active vegetal charcoal that absorbs impurities and improves the skin's hydration.

Flawless clinics now include branches at Robinsons Ermita, Greenhills Shopping Center, and in Olongapo City.

Taken from The Philippine Star

Acetic Acid

a chemical compound, more correctly called ethanoic acid, which is the acid found in vinegar. It is present as a solution in water of strength 3 to 6%, in other words there are 3 to 6 parts of acetic acid in 100 parts of water. The chemical formula for acetic acid is CH₃COOH which contains two carbon atoms bonded together; to one are bonded three hydrogen atoms and to the other one one oxygen and one hydroxyl group (OH). Acetic acid is made from ethanol or acetylene.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Acetic acid, CH₃COOH, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid, which gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. It is a weak acid, in that it is only a partially dissociated acid in an aqueous solution. Pure, water-free acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colourless liquid that absorbs water from the environment (hygroscopy), and freezes at 16.5 °C (62 °F) to a colourless crystalline solid. The pure acid, and concentrated solutions, are dangerously corrosive.

Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate mainly used in soft drink bottles; cellulose acetate, mainly for photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry acetic acid is used under the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment on chips.

The global demand of acetic acid is around 6.5 million tonnes per year (Mt/a), of which approximately 1.5 Mt/a is met by recycling; the remainder is manufactured from petrochemical feedstocks or from biological sources. Dilute acetic acid produced by natural fermentation is called vinegar.

Taken from Wikipedia

Parabolic Velocity

in astronomy, the velocity a body would need to make a parabola about the centre of attraction (also called ESCAPE VELOCITY).

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The velocity which an object at a given point would require in order to describe a parabola about the center of attraction. This is also the escape velocity since it is the upper limit of velocity on a closed curve. It is obtained by multiplying the velocity of an object moving in a circular orbit by the square root of 2 (approx. 1.414). For example, if the Earth's mean velocity around the Sun of 29.8 km/sec. (18.5 miles/sec.), in a near circular orbit, were increased to 42 km/sec. (26 miles/sec.), the Earth would move to a parabolic path and escape from the solar system.

Taken from The Internet ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE

Yield Point

HOOKE'S LAW states that for a material such as steel, in wire form, the extension is proportional to the tension, up to what is called the elastic limit. An increase in tension beyond this limit takes the material to the yield point, where a sudden increase in elongation occurs with only a small further increase in tension.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The yield strength or yield point of a material is defined in engineering and materials science as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Prior to the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible.

In the three-dimensional space of the principal stresses (σ₁,σ₂,σ₃), an infinite number of yield points form together a yield surface.

Knowledge of the yield point is vital when designing a component since it generally represents an upper limit to the load that can be applied. It is also important for the control of many materials production techniques such as forging, rolling, or pressing. In structural engineering, this is a soft failure mode which does not normally cause catastrophic failure or ultimate failure unless it accelerates buckling.

Taken from Wikipedia

Haemoglobin

an iron-containing red pigment, which is found within the red blood cells (called ERYTHROCYTES) of vertebrates and which is responsible for the transport of oxygen around the body. In actively metabolizing tissue such as the muscles, haemoglobin exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is then carried in the blood back to the heart and pumped to the lungs, where the haemoglobin loses the CO₂ and regains oxygen.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Tautomerism

a special case of structural isomerism, often called dynamic isomerism. It is when a compound exists as a mixture of two forms, or isomers (in equilibrium). The two forms can each change to the other as when, for example, one isomer is extracted from the mixture, then some of the other isomer will change to re-establish equilibrium. The ability to make this reversible change is due to a mobile atom or group, often hydrogen, which alters its position in the molecule possibly with the changing of a double bond. Isomers produced in this way are called TAUTOMERS and each can give rise to stable derivatives.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Backscatter

when radiation strikes a surface, some of the beam is REFLECTED back again towards the source. This is called backscatter.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction they came from. It is a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection like a mirror. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography and medical ultrasonography.

Backscattering occurs in quite different physical situations. The incoming waves or particles can be deflected from their original direction by quite different mechanisms:

• Rayleigh scattering of electromagnetic waves from small particles, diffuse reflection from large particles, or Mie scattering in the intermediate case, causing alpenglow and gegenschein, and showing up in weather radar;

• inelastic collisions between electromagnetic waves and the transmitting medium (Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering, important in fiber optics, see below;

• elastic collisions between accelerated ions and a sample (Rutherford backscattering)

• Bragg diffraction from crystals, used in inelastic scattering experiments (neutron backscattering, X-ray backscattering spectroscopy);

• Compton scattering, used in Backscatter X-ray imaging.

Sometimes, the scattering is more or less isotropic, i. e. the incoming particles are scattered randomly in various directions, with no particular preference for backward scattering. In these cases, the term "backscattering" just designates the detector location chosen for some practical reasons:

• in X-ray imaging, backscattering means just the opposite of transmission imaging;

• in optical fibers, light can only propagate forward or backward. Forward Brillouin or Raman scattering would violate momentum conservation, so inelastic scattering in optical fibers cannot be anything else but backscattering;

• in inelastic neutron or X-ray spectroscopy, backscattering geometry is chosen because it optimizes the energy resolution;

• in astronomy, backscattered light is that which is reflected with a phase angle of less than 90°.

In other cases, the scattering intensity is enhanced in backward direction. This can have different reasons:

• In alpenglow, red light prevails because the blue part of the spectrum is depleted by Rayleigh scattering.

• In gegenschein, constructive interference might play a role (this needs verification).

• Coherent backscattering is observed in random media; for visible light most typically in suspensions like milk. Due to weak localization, enhanced multiple scattering is observed in back direction.

Taken from Wikipedia

Nacreous Clouds

a cloud formation at great height before sunrise or after sunset when its coloring is similar to mother of pearl.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Nacreous clouds, sometimes called mother-of-pearl clouds, are rare but once seen are never forgotten. They are mostly visible within two hours after sunset or before dawn when they blaze unbelievably bright with vivid and slowly shifting iridescent colours. They are filmy sheets slowly curling and uncurling, stretching and contracting in the semi-dark sky. Compared with dark scudding low altitude clouds that might be present, nacreous clouds stand majestically in almost the same place - an indicator of their great height.

Taken from Atmospheric Optics