Earthquake

the often violent movement of the earth along a fault or fault zone due to tectonic upheaval caused by the sudden release of stress that has built up over some time. The focus is the point at which the earthquake originates within the earth and earthquakes are classified by depth of focus: shallow -- less than 70 km; intermediate -- 70-300 km; deep -- more than 300 km. Attempts to predict earthquakes rely upon measurement of stress increases, but can so far be related only to an increasing risk of activity.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Earthquake! What You Can Do to Protect Yourself

Mention the word earthquake and it strikes fear into the hearts of many. Few natural disasters are as terrifying. Few hit so suddenly and swiftly.

Experts tell us that a big one may soon occur in almost any part of the world. Are you ready for it?

After a major quake, telephone service will probably be cut off. Roads will be destroyed. For the first few hours, the victims will have to fend for themselves. Sometimes help may only arrive days later. To reduce injuries, suffering and even deaths, it is crucial that every family be prepared.

How can you help? Why not discuss the following suggestions with your family over dinner? Experts advice each family to have the following minimum preparations:

1. Large objects should be strapped down or bolted to the wall. Pay particular attention to the water heater. If it tips, it could break a gas line, possibly leading to a fire.

2. Have an evacuation plan for every member of your family during and after an earthquake. During a quake, seek protection under a solid table or by sitting on the floor of a hallway, bracing yourself against the walls and covering your head. Only stand in a doorway that has no door--a door could swing shut and crush your fingers. Do not run outside as you may be hit by falling objects. If you are outside, run to a clear, open space, away form any objects that could fall. As soon as the shock has stopped, walk to a preselected place to meet other family members.

3. Put away at least a three-day supply of food and drinking water. Remember the food you store will go bad after some time. So be sure to change it with a new batch when it reaches its shelf life. If you store canned food, remember to provide a can opener!

4. Have an earthquake kit that includes a first-aid kit, one or more flashlights, a battery-powered radio, extra batteries and a blanket.

5. Each family member who is old enough should know how to turn off the gas, water and electrical supply.

Preparation is the best defense. If you are living in an earthquake zone, think about being prepared. For more information, contact the fire department, an emergency relief agency such as the Red Cross Society or look for special booklets on preparing for an earthquake at your library or bookstore.

- By Keok C. Tan

Taken from Youth 90 magazine