Gale

a wind of force 8 on the BEAUFORT SCALE (more than 30 knots).

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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A gale is a very strong wind. There are conflicting definitions of how strong. The U.S. Government's National Weather Service defines a gale as 34 to 47 knots (63 - 87 km/h or 17.5 - 24.2 m/s or 39 - 54 miles/hour) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters typically issue gale warnings when winds of this strength are expected.

Other sources use minimums as low as 28 knots (52 km/h) and maximums as high as 90 knots (170 km/h). Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term gale to refer to winds of tropical storm force for coastal areas, between 33 knots (61 km/h) and 63 knots (117 km/h). The 90-knot (170 km/h) definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is 55 knots (102 km/h).

The most common way of measuring winds is with the Beaufort scale (pronounced /ˈboʊfət/). It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale.

Taken from Wikipedia

Fahrenheit

(F) a temperature scale, devised by the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736), that set the freezing point of water at 32º and the boiling point at 212º. Fahrenheit temperatures can be converted to CELSIUS by the equation F = 1.8C + 32.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Fahrenheit is the temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736). Today, the temperature scale has been replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries. It is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other nations, such as Belize.

Taken from Wikipedia

Absolute Temperature

a temperature measured on the KELVIN SCALE with respect to ABSOLUTE ZERO.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Absolute, or thermodynamic, temperature is conventionally measured in kelvins (Celsius-scaled increments) and in the Rankine scale (Fahrenheit-scaled increments) with increasing rarity. Absolute temperature measurement is uniquely determined by a multiplicative constant which specifies the size of the "degree", so the ratios of two absolute temperatures, T₂/T₁, are the same in all scales. The most transparent definition of this standard comes from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. It can also be found in Fermi-Dirac statistics (for particles of half-integer spin) and Bose-Einstein statistics (for particles of integer spin). All of these define the relative numbers of particles in a system as decreasing exponential functions of energy (at the particle level) over kT, with k representing the Boltzmann constant and T representing the temperature observed at the macroscopic level.

Taken from Wikipedia