Joule

the unit for all ENERGY measurements. It is the mechanical equivalent of heat, and one joule (J) is equal to a force of one NEWTON moving one metre, i.e. 1J = 1Nm. It is named after James Prescott Joule (1818-1889), a British physicist who investigated the relationship between mechanical, electrical and heat energy, and, from such investigations, proposed the first law of THERMODYNAMICS, the conservation of energy.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The joule (symbol J), named for James Prescott Joule, is the derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. It is the energy exerted by the force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one metre. In terms of dimensions:

One joule is defined as the amount of work done by a force of one newton moving an object through a distance of one metre. Other relationships are:

• The work required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt; or one coulomb volt (C·V). This relationship can be used to define the volt;

• The work required to continuously produce one watt of power for one second; or one watt second (W·s) (compare kilowatt hour). This relationship can be used to define the watt.

Taken from Wikipedia

Parabola

a plane curve traced out by a point moving so that its distance from a fixed point (focus) is equal to its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line (directrix). It is also the curve made by cutting a cone with a flat plane that is parallel to the side of the cone that slopes. Mirrors with a parabolic shape are used in searchlights and telescopes because incoming parallel rays of light are reflectd onto the focus. This property is used in a telescope, and thus the reverse applies in searchlights.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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In mathematics, the parabola (pronounced /pəˈræbələ/, from the Greek παραβολή) is a conic section, the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane parallel to a generating straight line of that surface. Given a point (the focus) and a corresponding line (the directrix) on the plane, the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant from them is a parabola.

The parabola has many important applications, from automobile headlight reflectors to the design of ballistic missiles. They are frequently used in physics, engineering, and many other areas.

Taken from Wikipedia

Karst

a karst landscape is one created in a limestone area and which occurs due to the limestone itself. The distinctive landforms are a result of solutions moving through joints and fissures in the rock dissolving the rock, enlarging cracks and joints and creating underground waterways and caves. Features typical of a karst include networks of furrows and sharp crests, funnel-shaped hollows and eventually conical hills and steep-sided depressions of impressive scale.

Taken from Dictionary of Science