Dark Reaction

a stage in PHOTOSYNTHESIS which is not directly dependent on light. It takes place within the CHLOROPLASTS of the cells of green plants.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Photosynthesis, or the light-independent reactions, are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. The reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products of the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin Cycle: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) regeneration.

The light-independent reactions are sometimes referred to as the dark reactions, though that term may be misleading as they do not actually require darkness to proceed. The term "light-independent" is used to emphasize that the reactions continue even in the absence of light as long as the proper substrate compounds are available. However, because the availability of substrates in plants depends on photosynthesis, the reactions cannot be said to be entirely "light-independent." The term "dark reactions" may be more accurate in CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants, which only take up CO₂, which is necessary for the reactions to proceed, at night.

Taken from Wikipedia

X-Axis

the "horizontal" axis when constructing and plotting a graph.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

The coordinate surfaces of the Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z). The z-axis is vertical and the x-axis is highlighted in green. Thus, the red plane shows the points with x=1, the blue plane shows the points with z=1, and the yellow plane shows the points with y=-1. The three surfaces intersect at the point P (shown as a black sphere) with the Cartesian coordinates (1, -1, 1).

Taken from Wikipedia

Cash In on Your Skills Now

Do you have a unique skill or interest? You don't have to wait until you graduate from college to use your skills. You may be able to use them now in your own home-based business.

Do you have a green thumb? Set up your own plant sitting service. Make a deal with neighbors to water their plants while they're gone on vacation. If you're good with animals, you could also watch their pets.

Are you known for your neatness? Housecleaning isn't the most glamorous job, but it's something a lot of people could use help with. Offer your services to working mothers and elderly people.

What do you enjoy doing? You might be able to start your own business!

Are you a good typist? Many students are willing to pay someone to type their papers for them. Post fliers on the bulletin boards of high schools and colleges.

Do you know how to cook? A lot of working wives would love to come home and have dinner waiting for them. Learn to master one or two good meals and offer to prepare them for families in your neighborhood. Are you good with children? Let parents in your neighborhood know that you are available for baby-sitting.

Do you like yard work? Probably many of your neighbors could use help with lawn mowing, tree or bush trimming, weeding and so on.

Do you have experience raising animals? Many people would rather buy their pets from someone they know than a pet store. Finches, gerbils and guppies are examples of pets that breed well in captivity.

Are you athletic? You may be able to coach or teach your favorite sport. Or you could offer your services as a golf caddie or umpire.

Are you good at car care? Put a sign up for your own car wash and wax service.

Do you know how to sew? Offer your services to people who either do not have the time or skill to sew on buttons, hem skirts and pants and so on. Put up notices on bulletin boards advertising your service.

Whatever you decide to do, do your homework first. Make sure the service you're offering is something people in your area need and want. Ask a fair price. Make sure you have enough time to handle any business you may get. Check government regulations and requirements.

Done right, your own business can be quite rewarding. You'll earn extra cash now and build job skills that will last you a lifetime.

- By Becky Sweat

Taken from Youth 90 magazine