Julian Calendar

the calendar introduced by Julius Caesar. Based on a year of 365.25 days, it remains the calendar in use today although it is modified.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added to February every four years. Hence the Julian year is on average 365.25 days long.

The Julian calendar remained in use into the 20th century in some countries as a national calendar, but it has generally been replaced by the Gregorian calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. It is still used by the Berber people of North Africa, on Mount Athos, and by many national Orthodox churches. Orthodox Churches no longer using the Julian calendar typically use the Revised Julian calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar.

The notation "Old Style" (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian calendar, as opposed to "New Style" (NS), which either represents the Julian date with the start of the year as 1 January or a full mapping onto the Gregorian calendar. This notation is used in reference to dates from tsarist Russia (the country did not switch to the Gregorian calendar until 1918).

Taken from Wikipedia

Among the Stars

Judy Ann's memories of her early days in the business are peppered with anecdotes about how she had to fight for recognition among the big leaguers and the stars of network-produced shows. Who would have thought that one day, she would become one of them? Or even become one of them?

Judy Ann isn't the type to trust people easily. She keeps to a close circle of friends, mostly because she is shy and doesn't want to expect too much. Over the years, she's learned that she's most hurt when she trusts most. Direk Joyce Bernal, with whom Judai had a little tampuhan back in 2007, has experienced the highs and lows of their friendship: "Si Joyce, si Ga [director Dante Nico Garcia, who's been her friend for nearly 15 years], nung nagkatampuhan kami, taon talaga bago nag-usap. Pero kahit di kami nag-uusap ni Direk Joyce that time, nagpapadala pa rin ako ng regalo kay Liam [Direk Joyce's daughter, who is Judy Ann's inaanak]. Masakit 'pag nagkatampuhan kayo dahil mahal mo 'yung tao. Pero hindi naman lahat ng tao, ganoon. Merong iba, madali akong nakapag-move on."

That what Judy Ann is like as a friend. Her friendships with showbiz's big leaguers are just as invested and precious, probably because she was once one of those who looked at them from a distance. She used to be outside the circle of big stars. When she did Magkapatid opposite Sharon Cuneta in 2002, she wasn't expecting to form a real bond with the Megastar, a bond that has lasted seven years now. Sharon, who also grew up in the business, is probably the one person who understands what Judy Ann went through, the only difference being that Sharon, unlike Judy Ann, did not experience the humiliation that Judy Ann did, being thrown out of a dressing room to give way to stars of network-produced shows, or hearing people laugh behind her back in the corridors. "Si Sharon, isa siya sa mga artista na di ko in-expect na magkakaroon ako ng very deep connection: isang malaking tao who would help you analyze things and help keep you grounded. Di alam ng tao na na-i-inspire ako, na na-re-refresh ako by a simple kiss or a hug from Ate. It's very precious, very sincere."

The actress is vocal about how much she admires Sharon's accomplishments in her career and personal life. "Marami akong natututunan kay Ate Sharon; (she's) very talented, she's a good mom, and she's a good wife. Hindi ko man masundan 'yung yapak niya, kahit man lang sana wisdom niya. Ako, masaya na ako na naging magkapatid kami sa pelikula at hanggang ngayon, ganun pa din 'yung turingan namin. Most prized possession na 'yun sa sakin," Judai explains.

The actress also considers Maricel Soriano (her co-star in I Will Survive in 2004) and the late Fernando Poe Jr. (Isusumbong Kita sa Tatay Ko, 1999) as two other big stars who gave her invaluable advice.

FPJ, who Judai fondly calls Tatay Ron, reminded her to treat everyone fairly, and told her: "Sila rin ang makakasalubong mo sa paglingon or sa pagbalik mo."

Her Ate Marya, Ate Sharon and Tatay Ron all reminded her that she must pour her heart into what she is doing. "Sabi nila, mahalin ko lang 'yung trabaho ko, 'yun 'yung isa sa mga nakapagpapangiti sa akin," she shares. "I was able to work with these people. I was able to hear them out base sa personal experiences nila."

Taken from Starstudio magazine: Judy Ann Santos special issue

Retirement at 16?

By Ally Azzarelli

My earliest penny-counting days date back to the tender age of 7.

Silly as it may sound, I attempted to charge my family to use our bathroom. I hung up a bread bag on the doorknob and solicited my parents for donations. The venture lasted about an hour.

As the years progressed I moved on to selling three or four tickets for dance performances. Those weekly dancing and baton-twirling classes had finally been put to use! I'd round up my father's albums, put on my sequined dance costume and perform a talent show featuring my 3-year-old brother and me.

Truthfully, I can't think of a single show where my brother ever got his one-liner correct! The minute he saw my mother clapping her hands and "wowing," he was off climbing into her lap.

Most kids spent their summers on the beach or in the backyard pool. I, however, could always be found behind a picnic table on our front lawn.

Lucky for me, it was on one of the busiest streets in town. I can remember countless hot summer afternoons spent trying to "rake in a few bucks" selling lemonade or iced tea.

If it wasn't pouring sugary drinks, it was conducting a book and magazine sale. Then, as the months passed, it would be raking leaves, which would soon change into lucrative snow shoveling.

As I got older my strategies proved more successful. Too young to baby-sit alone, I decided to transform our basement into "Allyson's Play School."

Such an idea could not be complete without a strong curriculum including arts and crafts, snack time and show and tell. We even had a sports day (with three ribbons) in the backyard. The profits weren't much, but it was a big step from sweating it out behind an iced-tea stand.

What baffles me is what I--then a child of 10--ever wanted with so much pocket change. I can't recall saving it. In addition to the generous allowance doled out by my parents every Friday, I was always scheming new plans.

My next idea is one that I won't forget. While awaiting the age at which I could be legally employed, 16, I devised a final plan. At that time I was a fanatic of the '60s group, the Monkees. I arranged to put together a newsletter.

Thanks to numerous classified ads and the hundreds of fliers passed out at their beach concerts, this "fanzine" was subscribed to by 168 people across the United States. Charging as little as $5 a year for the quarterly newsletter, I made next to nothing after tallying up photocopying costs and postage stamps.

My motto at that age was: "Wow, I'm havin' fun and meeting new people. Who cares if I'm only making $40 a year?"

But now that I am 16 I should be ready for the business world, right? Wrong!

What really baffles my family is that now that I'm legally permitted to get a part-time job, I prefer not to.

Finally I can go confidently to the candy store owner for a position that has not been filled for months. Why haven't I?

Why is it that now when spending money is so important to a teenager, I am making do with an almost empty bank account? Has a new-found laziness taken over my mind? Not at all, I just feel like I'm ready for a hard-earned retirement plan!

Editor's Note: The author, 16, is from North Valley Stream, New York

Taken from Youth 90 magazine