Magellanic Clouds

two separate GALAXIES, detached from the Milky Way, which appear, from the southern hemisphere, as patches of light. The Large Magellanic Cloud is approximately 170,000 LIGHT YEARS away and the Small Magellanic Cloud about 210,000 light years away. They contain a few thousand million stars.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Calculus

a large branch of mathematics concerned with quantities which are continuously variable. The many techniques of calculus were developed by the British scientist Isaac Newton (1643-1727) and the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716).

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Calculus (Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting) is a branch in mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. This subject constitutes a major part of modern mathematics education. It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus, which are related by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Calculus is the study of change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of operations and their application to solving equations. A course in calculus is a gateway to other, more advanced courses in mathematics devoted to the study of functions and limits, broadly called mathematical analysis. Calculus has widespread applications in science, economics, and engineering and can solve many problems for which algebra alone is insufficient.

Historically, calculus was called "the calculus of infinitesimals", or "infinitesimal calculus". More generally, calculus (plural calculi) may refer to any method or system of calculation guided by the symbolic manipulation of expressions. Some examples of other well-known calculi are propositional calculus, variational calculus, lambda calculus, pi calculus and join calculus.

Taken from Wikipedia

Y-chromosome

the small chromosome that carries a dominant gene for maleness. All normal males have 22 matched pairs of chromosomes and one unmatched pair, one large X-chromosome and one small Y-chromosome. The X-chromosome, which is inherited from the mother, carries many more genes than the Y-chromosome, which is inherited from the father. During sexual reproduction, the mother must contribute one X-chromosome, but the father can contribute either an X or Y-chromosome. The effect of the Y-chromosome is that a testis develops in the embryo instead of an ovary. Thus the sex of the resulting offspring is dependent on the father's contribution -- female (X,X) or male (X,Y).

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Water

hydrogen oxide (H20), a compound that is found everywhere. It can occur as solid, liquid and gas phases. It forms a very large part of the Earth's surface and is vital to life. It occurs in all living organisms and has a remarkable combination of properties in its solvent capacity, chemical stability, thermal properties and abundance.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

Iceberg

a large lump of ice which has broken off from a GLACIER or ice sheet and is floating in the sea. Icebergs can be carried long distances before they finally melt.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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An iceberg is a large piece of ice from freshwater that has broken off from a snow-formed glacier or ice shelf and is floating in open water. It may subsequently become frozen into pack ice. Alternatively, it may come to rest on the seabed in shallower water, causing ice scour (also known as ice gouging) or becoming an ice island.

Taken from Wikipedia