Naphtha

a mixture of HYDROCARBONS obtained from several sources including COAL TAR and PETROLEUM. Naphtha from coal tar contains mainly AROMATIC hydrocarbons whereas petroleum naphtha hydrocarbons are predominantly ALIPHATIC.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Naphtha (pronounced /ˈnæfθə/ or /ˈnæpθə/) normally refers to a number of different flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons, i.e. a distillation product from petroleum or coal tar boiling in a certain range and containing certain hydrocarbons, a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.

Naphtha is used primarily as feedstock for producing a high octane gasoline component (via the catalytic reforming process). It is also used in the petrochemical industry for producing olefins in steam crackers and in the chemical industry for solvent (cleaning) applications.

Taken from Wikipedia

Palynology

the study of (mainly fossil) pollen, spores and some other microfossils. It deals primarily with structure, classification and distribution and is used in petroleum exploration, and palaeoclimatology (the study of ancient climates). In the main, the spores and pollen are highly resistant and in some sedimentary sequences are the only fossils that can be used for stratigraphic correlation (matching one rock with a similar rock elsewhere which is of the same age).

Taken from Dictionary of Science