Showing posts with label applied. Show all posts
Showing posts with label applied. Show all posts

Sunday, March 21, 2010

Economical Driving with Fuel Saving Practices


As a motorist, have you wished that you can still extend your car's fuel mileage even further? Sure, you have applied economical driving techniques, drove as smooth and as consistent as possible, and kept your speed at par or below speed limits. But it doesn't stop there. You also have to start learning fuel saving habits and practice them. In this time of utmost fuel economy awareness, you can definitely contribute your own little part to conserve fuel even more.

Here are some helpful tips to further increase your fuel mileage:

Play your trips. Accomplish everything in one swoop. To keep you on track, maintain a list of tasks that you need to do each time you go out. For example, when planning a trip to the mall, be sure to bring with you a checklist of all the things you need to buy, and a task list of everything that you need to do, like paying your utilities or credit card bills. By being organized, you will save not only on fuel but also on time and effort.

Lighten your load. Are you one of those motorists that bring all their things everyday, whether you need it for that day or otherwise? Before you leave the house, check the contents of your trunk and leave the things that you won't need for the day, like golf clubs, gym stuff, etc. Doing so will make your car run lighter, thereby consuming lesser fuel.

Plan your route carefully. Plan your route around roads with lesser obstructions, intersections, and traffic lights. This may be a longer one than your original route, but the former may be a more fuel efficient route provided it has fewer stops and obstructions than the latter. Also, as far as traffic volume is concerned, pick the route that has a more predictable increase and decrease of volume, depending on the time of day.

Avoid braking whenever possible. Braking wastes fuel, as propelling the vehicle again from a deceleration or a stop will need fuel. You can lessen the need to brake by maintaining a safe and steady speed. Be mindful of your distance from the car in front. If the need to step on the brakes is inevitable, depress the brake pedal as gradual and as smooth as possible. If a complete stop is not needed, let go of the brakes and apply gentle dabs on the accelerator pedal to bring the car up to speed again. If the engine speed is not too low and the vehicle speed is matched to the current gear, then there is no need to downshift, for it can still take up the drive.

Check your engine. The time to check your car's engine doesn't only pertain to the time when your car's check engine light is on; periodically check your oil, fuel filter, air filter, and other wear and tear parts that your engine may need. If left unchecked, a dirty fuel filter may hamper the smooth flow of fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber, resulting in significant power loss. The same is also true for a dirty air filter, as air flow will be restricted if the air filter is dirty. To adjust for different fuel grades and quality, give your car a tune up as often as possible.

Avoid unnecessary idling. In this time of frugality, an engine left idling for extended periods of time is a mortal sin. As the car is not going anywhere, mileage for this will be 0 km/l. If the car will be idle for more than three minutes it is a good practice to park, turn off the engine, get out of the car, and wait outside. Not only will you save up on fuel by doing this; waiting outside your car is also a security precaution, as most car theft victims nowadays are those waiting inside their vehicles.

Avoid unnecessary wind drag. When traveling at highway speeds of 60 kph upwards, to avoid unnecessary wind drag, keep your windows closed. Drag is another resistance that your car needs to overcome. Between the use of your car's air-conditioning and keeping your windows closed, the former will be more fuel efficient at highway speeds.

Use the correct motor oil. Again, your car's manual is your friend. Follow the correct oil viscosity for your car as stated in its manual, as well as the oil change schedule. Using the wrong oil will not only make your car's engine inefficient, but may induce premature wear and tear, resulting in unplanned vehicle repair costs.

Switch to a new, fuel efficient vehicle. Let's face it, even with proper maintenance, cars, as machines, will be less efficient and consume more fuel over time. If you have the means to do so, you can plan to purchase a newer and fuel efficient vehicle to replace your existing one. You can have it financed through the auto lending industry leader -- BPI Family Savings Bank's Drive your Dream Auto Loan. It offers low interest rates and flexible payment terms. Buyers can own a brand new car worth Php 600,000 for only Php 9,220/month, at 20% down payment and light payment-term of six years. Just visit any of the 800 BPI, BPI Family Savings Bank branches or Express Banking Centers or call Auto Loans Direct Marketing at 845-6777 or 89-100. They can also text AUTO GO PSTAR name landline number city or province and send to 0918-89-10000 or 0917-89-10000, or logon to www.bpiexpressonline.com.

Taken from The Philippine Star

Friday, January 22, 2010

Ballistics

LinkGrand.com

the study of the flight path of an object which is being influenced by GRAVITY as it moves. It is applied to bullets, rockets, missiles etc.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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Ballistics (gr. βάλλειν ('ba'llein'), "throw") is the science of mechanics that deals with the flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, gravity bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.


A ballistic body is a body which is free to move, behave, and be modified in appearance, contour, or texture by ambient conditions, substances, or forces, as by the pressure of gases in a gun, by rifling in a barrel, by gravity, by temperature, or by air particles. A ballistic missile is a missile only guided during the relatively brief initial powered phase of flight and its course is subsequently governed by the laws of classical mechanics.


In the field of forensic science, forensic ballistics is the science of analyzing firearm usage in crimes.


Taken from Wikipedia



Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Umbra

LinkGrand.com

a region of complete shadow, which is usually applied to eclipses. The area of half or partial shadow is termed the penumbra.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are the names given to three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source. For a point source only the umbra is cast.


These names are usually used when referring to the shadows cast by celestial bodies.


The umbra (Latin for "shadow") is the darkest part of the shadow. From within the umbra, the light source is completely occluded. In astronomy, an observer in the umbra is said to be in the shadows experiencing total eclipse.

Taken from Wikipedia



Thursday, January 14, 2010

Acceleration

LinkGrand.com

is when the speed at which an object is traveling is further increased. The object travels faster because some force is applied to push or pull the object, making it move more quickly. In physics, when calculations are made concerning acceleration, it is usually represented by the symbol α and is measured in metres per second, per second or metres per second squared (written in mathematical shorthand as ms-2).

When bodies fall freely under the influence of the force of GRAVITY they all fall at the same rate, that is at a uniform acceleration. Whether the object is a lead weight or a feather they fall at the same rate due to gravity. The reason that in reality the lead weight hits the ground before the feather is due to air resistance holding back the feather. Acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 metres per second per second so when the air resistance is very little, the velocity (speed) of a falling object increases by 9.8 metres per second, per second. On the other hand, an object shot straight upwards with a particular velocity will slow down (decelerate) by the same rate every second until it reaches its greatest height after a particular period of time. When this maximum height is reached, the object that had been shot straight upwards (no horizontal motion whatsoever) will start to fall with an acceleration of 9.8 ms-2.

Taken from Dictionary of Science

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In physics, and more specifically kinematics, acceleration is the change in velocity over time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in two ways: a change in magnitude and/or a change in direction. In one dimension, i.e. a line, acceleration is the rate at which something speeds up or slows down. However, as a vector quantity, acceleration is also the rate at which direction changes. Acceleration has the dimensions L T−2. In SI units, acceleration is measured in metres per second squared (m/s2).


In common speech, the term acceleration commonly is used for an increase in speed (the magnitude of velocity); a decrease in speed is called deceleration. In physics, a change in the direction of velocity also is an acceleration: for rotary motion, the change in direction of velocity results in centripetal (toward the center) acceleration; where as the rate of change of speed is a tangential acceleration.


In classical mechanics, for a body with constant mass, the acceleration of the body is proportional to the resultant (total) force acting on it (Newton's second law):


\mathbf{F} = m\mathbf{a} \quad \to \quad \mathbf{a} = \mathbf{F}/m


where F is the resultant force acting on the body, m is the mass of the body, and a is its acceleration.


Taken from Wikipedia